Lymphocyte antigen 96

Rendering based on PDB 1T2Z.

Available structures
PDB	1T2Z, 2E56, 2E59, 2Z65, 3FXI

Identifiers

Symbols

LY96; ESOP-1; MD-2; MD2; ly-96

External IDs

OMIM: 605243 MGI: 1341909 HomoloGene: 9109 GeneCards: LY96 Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• lipopolysaccharide receptor activity • protein binding • coreceptor activity
Cellular component	• extracellular region • extracellular space • plasma membrane • plasma membrane • lipopolysaccharide receptor complex
Biological process	• toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • inflammatory response • cellular defense response • cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway • I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade • Toll signaling pathway • lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway • response to lipopolysaccharide • detection of lipopolysaccharide • toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway • toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway • toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway • innate immune response
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 8:
74.9 – 74.94 Mb

Chr 1:
16.68 – 16.7 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Lymphocyte antigen 96 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY96 gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in binding lipopolysaccharide with TLR 4. It is also known as "MD2".

The MD-2 protein appears to associate with toll-like receptor 4 on the cell surface and confers responsiveness to lipopolysaccaride (LPS), thus providing a link between the receptor and LPS signaling.^[3]

1 Interactions
2 References
3 Further reading
4 External links

Interactions

Lymphocyte antigen 96 has been shown to interact with TLR 4.^[4]^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Shimazu R, Akashi S, Ogata H, Nagai Y, Fukudome K, Miyake K, Kimoto M (Jul 1999). "MD-2, a Molecule that Confers Lipopolysaccharide Responsiveness on Toll-like Receptor 4". J Exp Med 189 (11): 1777–82. doi:10.1084/jem.189.11.1777. PMC 2193086. PMID 10359581. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2193086.
^ Abreu MT, Vora P, Faure E, Thomas LS, Arnold ET, Arditi M (Jul 2001). "Decreased expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide". J Immunol 167 (3): 1609–16. PMID 11466383.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: LY96 lymphocyte antigen 96". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23643.
^ Re, Fabio; Strominger Jack L (Jun. 2002). "Monomeric recombinant MD-2 binds toll-like receptor 4 tightly and confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (26): 23427–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202554200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11976338.

Kato K, Morrison AM, Nakano T et al. (2000). "ESOP-1, a secreted protein expressed in the hematopoietic, nervous, and reproductive systems of embryonic and adult mice". Blood 96 (1): 362–4. PMID 10891475.
Dziarski R, Wang Q, Miyake K et al. (2001). "MD-2 enables Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated responses to lipopolysaccharide and enhances TLR2-mediated responses to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and their cell wall components". J. Immunol. 166 (3): 1938–44. PMID 11160242.
Schromm AB, Lien E, Henneke P et al. (2001). "Molecular Genetic Analysis of an Endotoxin Nonresponder Mutant Cell Line: A Point Mutation in a Conserved Region of Md-2 Abolishes Endotoxin-Induced Signaling". J. Exp. Med. 194 (1): 79–88. doi:10.1084/jem.194.1.79. PMC 2193443. PMID 11435474. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2193443.
Visintin A, Mazzoni A, Spitzer JA, Segal DM (2001). "Secreted MD-2 is a large polymeric protein that efficiently confers lipopolysaccharide sensitivity to Toll-like receptor 4". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (21): 12156–61. doi:10.1073/pnas.211445098. PMC 59784. PMID 11593030. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=59784.
Akashi S, Nagai Y, Ogata H et al. (2002). "Human MD-2 confers on mouse Toll-like receptor 4 species-specific lipopolysaccharide recognition". Int. Immunol. 13 (12): 1595–9. doi:10.1093/intimm/13.12.1595. PMID 11717200.
Abreu MT, Arnold ET, Thomas LS et al. (2002). "TLR4 and MD-2 expression is regulated by immune-mediated signals in human intestinal epithelial cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (23): 20431–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110333200. PMID 11923281.
Re F, Strominger JL (2002). "Monomeric recombinant MD-2 binds toll-like receptor 4 tightly and confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (26): 23427–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202554200. PMID 11976338.
Latz E, Visintin A, Lien E et al. (2003). "Lipopolysaccharide rapidly traffics to and from the Golgi apparatus with the toll-like receptor 4-MD-2-CD14 complex in a process that is distinct from the initiation of signal transduction". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (49): 47834–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207873200. PMID 12324469.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
Schröder NW, Morath S, Alexander C et al. (2003). "Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus activates immune cells via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and CD14, whereas TLR-4 and MD-2 are not involved". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (18): 15587–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212829200. PMID 12594207.
Mullen GE, Kennedy MN, Visintin A et al. (2003). "The role of disulfide bonds in the assembly and function of MD-2". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (7): 3919–24. doi:10.1073/pnas.0630495100. PMC 153023. PMID 12642668. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=153023.
Ohnishi T, Muroi M, Tanamoto K (2004). "MD-2 Is Necessary for the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Protein To Undergo Glycosylation Essential for Its Translocation to the Cell Surface". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10 (3): 405–10. PMC 154975. PMID 12738639. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=154975.
Thompson PA, Tobias PS, Viriyakosol S et al. (2003). "Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein inhibits responses to cell-bound LPS". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (31): 28367–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302921200. PMID 12754215.
Visintin A, Latz E, Monks BG et al. (2004). "Lysines 128 and 132 enable lipopolysaccharide binding to MD-2, leading to Toll-like receptor-4 aggregation and signal transduction". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (48): 48313–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306802200. PMID 12960171.
Re F, Strominger JL (2004). "Separate functional domains of human MD-2 mediate Toll-like receptor 4-binding and lipopolysaccharide responsiveness". J. Immunol. 171 (10): 5272–6. PMID 14607928.
Hamann L, Kumpf O, Müller M et al. (2005). "A coding mutation within the first exon of the human MD-2 gene results in decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced signaling". Genes Immun. 5 (4): 283–8. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6364068. PMID 15057266.
Gruber A, Mancek M, Wagner H et al. (2004). "Structural model of MD-2 and functional role of its basic amino acid clusters involved in cellular lipopolysaccharide recognition". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (27): 28475–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M400993200. PMID 15111623.
Jia HP, Kline JN, Penisten A et al. (2004). "Endotoxin responsiveness of human airway epithelia is limited by low expression of MD-2". Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 287 (2): L428–37. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00377.2003. PMID 15121639.

External links

MeSH lymphocyte+antigen+96,+human

Signaling pathway: TLR signaling pathway

Receptor	TLR 4 TLR 1 · TLR 2 · TLR 6 TLR 5 · TLR 10

Other external	CD14 · MD2 · LBP

Internal	adaptor: Myd88 · TRIF · TIRAP · TRAF6 · TOLLIP IRAK1 · IRAK4 IRF3 TLR 3 · TLR 7 · TLR 8 · TLR 9

B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)

Lymphocyte antigen 96

Contents

Interactions

References

Further reading

External links